Utilities Clause
in Your Lease
What it actually means, what Pennsylvania law says, what's specific to Philadelphia - and exactly what to do. In plain English.
Quick Summary - What You Need to Know
- Pennsylvania's Utility Service Tenants Rights Act makes the utility warn every affected tenant at least 30 days before a landlord-caused shutoff.
- The landlord gets even earlier warning under 68 P.S. § 399.11 - the utility must notify him at least 37 days ahead.
- You can keep service on by paying the utility your landlord's last 30-day bill, then deducting every dollar from rent.
- Threaten or retaliate against you for using that right and your landlord owes two months' rent or actual damages, whichever is greater.
- Philadelphia Code § 9-1605 adds punitive damages up to $2,000 per violation when a landlord interferes with your heat, water, or power.
Understanding the Utilities Clause
The utilities clause decides who pays for gas, electricity, water, sewer, and trash - and, more importantly, who is responsible for keeping any of it on. In a Philadelphia rowhouse with radiator heat and a gas account in the owner's name, that one paragraph decides whether a bill you never saw can leave you in the cold.
Pennsylvania handles this differently from most states. Instead of fining a landlord after the fact, the law puts you in the loop before the shutoff: 30 days' warning, and the right to pay the utility yourself and take it straight off your rent.
What renters assume
Most renters figure an unpaid gas bill is strictly between the landlord and PGW, and that the first they'll hear about it is a dark, cold apartment.
What is actually true
Pennsylvania puts you in that loop on purpose. The utility must warn every affected tenant at least 30 days ahead, and you can keep service on by paying the landlord's last 30-day bill and deducting it from rent.
Pennsylvania is the outlier on this chart. There's no flat statewide fine for a landlord who yanks the meter - no Colorado $5,000, no Texas $1,000 plus a month's rent - and the state's two months' rent figure attaches to retaliation, not to the shutoff itself. That's exactly why Philadelphia's $2,000 per violation carries the weight here.
Plain English Version
Think of your building's gas account as a tab your landlord promised to keep paid. Pennsylvania's rule is that the utility has to warn you before it closes that tab, and you're allowed to settle it yourself and subtract what you paid from your rent.
Utilities Clause Example - What the Wording Looks Like in Philadelphia, PA
The sample clause below is real lease language - a court quoted it word for word, and then ruled on it. What the judge decided is at the bottom of this block.
Find the equivalent paragraph in your own lease and read the two side by side. The wording will differ; the moving parts rarely do.
Under any allocation method, [the tenant] may be paying for part of the utility usage in common areas or in other residential units as well as administrative fees.
Quoted from the published opinion in Northland Investment Corp. v. Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, 349 Conn. 35 (2024). Judicial opinions are not subject to copyright; the lease language is reproduced in limited part for commentary under 17 U.S.C. § 107.
“[the tenant] may be paying”
The bracket around the tenant is the court's alteration, not the lease's own wording, and “may be” is the only honest phrase available: nobody can tell from an allocated statement how much of the charge was actually theirs. In Philadelphia that uncertainty runs into a statute built for the same building: when the landlord holds the account and lets it go unpaid, the Utility Service Tenants Rights Act gives every affected tenant notice and a way to keep the service on without moving out.
“the utility usage”
Usage is the word doing the least work in this sentence. Under a formula what you buy is a slice of a building total, and in Connecticut Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262e (c) was enough to void that, because it makes the owner liable for the costs of everything furnished to the building except what is individually metered. Pennsylvania's Act does not go there. It regulates what happens when the bill behind that total goes unpaid.
“in common areas or in other residential units”
Two categories of consumption you cannot influence and cannot audit. The Connecticut court treated them as the proof that an allocated tenant is paying for usage that was never exclusively theirs. Philadelphia comes at the same clause from the other direction: whatever the split says, a landlord who interferes with electricity, gas, hot or cold water, heat or telephone service has carried out an illegal self-help eviction under Code § 9-1602.
“as well as administrative fees”
The fee for doing the dividing. In the Connecticut lease those fees were not defined or limited anywhere in the document, which is exactly what to check for here. The Utility Service Tenants Rights Act is about something else entirely - the landlord's own unpaid master bill - and and it sets no flat dollar penalty for a landlord who physically cuts the service. The leverage sits elsewhere: two months' rent or actual damages, whichever is greater, plus costs and reasonable attorney's fees, against a landlord who threatens or retaliates against a tenant for using the Act's rights.
Ratio utility billing lost. The Connecticut Supreme Court affirmed the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority's ruling that billing residential tenants a formula-derived share of a master-metered bill is unlawful. Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262e (c) makes the owner of a multiunit residential dwelling liable for the costs of all utility services furnished to the building, except service that is individually metered or billed for one unit's exclusive use - and an allocated share is neither. Because the clause charged the tenant for usage the tenant did not exclusively consume, and backed the charge with late fees and eviction, it could not be enforced. The court left the landlord one lawful route: forecast the year's utility costs and build them into fixed rent at signing, where a renter can see the number before agreeing to it. Three justices dissented. The court also observed that the administrative fees this lease allowed were not defined or limited anywhere in it.
One court, one lease, one state. That answer is not automatically yours, and your lease may be worded to land differently. Use this to know what to look for and what to ask - your state's tenant hotline or a local tenant attorney can answer it for your document.
Pennsylvania Law on Utilities Clause
- Before service is cut off for a landlord's unpaid bill, the utility must notify the landlord at least 37 days ahead and every affected tenant at least 30 days ahead.
- Tenants can keep the service on by paying the utility the landlord's last 30-day bill directly, then deducting every dollar paid from their rent.
- A landlord who threatens or retaliates against a tenant for using those rights owes two months' rent or actual damages, whichever is greater, plus costs of suit and reasonable attorney's fees.
- Pennsylvania sets no flat dollar penalty for a landlord who physically cuts the utilities - that is an unlawful self-help eviction, because only a sheriff or court-appointed landlord-tenant officer may execute a judgment for possession.
68 P.S. § 399.11 - statutes change; verify the current text for your situation.
Pennsylvania's Utility Service Tenants Rights Act, 68 P.S. § 399.11, is built around notice. Before service is cut off over a landlord's unpaid bill, the utility must notify the landlord at least 37 days ahead and every affected tenant at least 30 days ahead. Then comes the unusual part: you may pay the utility the landlord's last 30-day bill directly and deduct every dollar of it from your rent.
What Pennsylvania doesn't do is set a flat penalty for a landlord who physically pulls the meter - no $5,000 like Colorado, no uncapped $100 a day like Seattle. That's treated as an unlawful self-help eviction instead, since only a sheriff or a court-appointed landlord-tenant officer may execute a judgment for possession. Retaliating against you for using the Act's rights is separately worth two months' rent or actual damages, whichever is greater, plus costs of suit and attorney's fees.
Pennsylvania Tenant Protections
The utility must give you at least 30 days' written notice, and your landlord 37 days, before shutting service off over his unpaid bill. You can keep that service on by paying the utility the landlord's last 30-day bill yourself and deducting every dollar of it from your rent. If your landlord threatens or retaliates against you for using those rights, he owes two months' rent or your actual damages, whichever is greater, plus costs of suit and reasonable attorney's fees.
What's Specific to Philadelphia
Figures are the state rule, or the stronger city ordinance where one exists. Verify the current law for your own situation before relying on it.
Philadelphia goes further than the state. Code § 9-1602 counts interfering with electricity, gas, hot or cold water, heat, or telephone service as an illegal self-help eviction, and § 9-1605 lets you recover actual damages, attorney's fees, and punitive damages up to $2,000 per violation. Pennsylvania sets no such figure, so in Philadelphia that ordinance is the number with teeth.
It lands where the housing stock needs it. Much of the city's rental market is subdivided rowhouses and old triplexes with one boiler, one water line, and sometimes one meter shared across units - and PGW, PECO, and Water Department accounts that often stay in the owner's name. Ask who holds each account before you sign, and get the answer written into the lease.
A fair rental agreement lists gas, electric, water, sewer, and trash and says who pays each. Vague wording like 'tenant pays utilities' is where surprise bills start.
Better if it is. When the account stays with the landlord, his unpaid balance can darken your unit - though the utility still owes you 30 days' notice first.
Red flag. Interfering with gas, electricity, water, heat, or phone is an illegal self-help eviction in Philadelphia, worth up to $2,000 per violation.
A shared meter means you're paying for a neighbor's shower. Get the meter serving your unit identified in the lease before you sign anything.
Sources
The law this guide relies on, and where to read it. Statutes change, so confirm the current text before you act on it.
- 68 P.S. § 399.11, read on codes.findlaw.com. Pennsylvania publishes the official text at www.palegis.us. FindLaw marks its copy of this section current as of January 1, 2026.
Red Flags to Watch Out For
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Lease waives the deduct right
A clause saying you won't pay the utility directly or deduct from rent is fighting 68 P.S. § 399.11. The Act hands that remedy to tenants, not to the lease.
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'Tenant pays all utilities'
No list, no numbers. Make the rental agreement name gas, electric, water, sewer, and trash separately - in an old rowhouse conversion, 'all' can quietly include a basement boiler.
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Shutoff threat over late rent
A lease reserving the right to cut heat or power for unpaid rent is describing an illegal act. In Philadelphia that runs up to $2,000 per violation.
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Landlord bills you, no meter
If the bill comes from your property manager instead of PECO or PGW, ask how it's split. Demand the right to see the master bill and your unit's share.
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No answer on who holds accounts
When the landlord keeps the utility account in his name, his unpaid balance becomes your problem. Ask before signing, and watch for the utility's 30-day tenant notice.
Your Rights as a Philadelphia Tenant
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Thirty days of advance warning
The utility must notify every affected tenant at least 30 days before shutting service off over a landlord's unpaid bill, and notify the landlord 37 days ahead.
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Pay direct, deduct from rent
You can keep service on by paying the utility your landlord's last 30-day bill, then deducting every dollar you paid from the rent you owe.
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Two months' rent for retaliation
A landlord who threatens or retaliates against you for using those rights owes two months' rent or actual damages, whichever is greater, plus costs and attorney's fees.
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Philadelphia's punitive damages
Code § 9-1605 lets you recover actual damages, attorney's fees, and punitive damages up to $2,000 per violation when a landlord interferes with your utilities.
What To Do - Step by Step
Write down the exact time
Photograph the dark meter, the cold radiator, the dry tap. Note the exact date and time service stopped.
Call PGW, PECO or Water
Ask who requested the disconnect and why. A landlord-requested shutoff, or one over the landlord's own unpaid balance, is the fact your whole claim rests on.
Offer to pay it directly
If it's your landlord's unpaid bill, tell the utility you're paying the last 30-day bill yourself under the Utility Service Tenants Rights Act.
Send a written demand
Dated email or letter: demand restoration and state that you're deducting every dollar you paid the utility from rent. Keep proof you sent it.
File a 311 complaint
Philadelphia's 311 line routes habitability and utility complaints to Licenses and Inspections. Your service request number becomes dated evidence later.
Sue in Municipal Court
Philadelphia Municipal Court hears landlord-tenant claims. Ask for actual damages, attorney's fees, and the $2,000 per violation in punitive damages under Code § 9-1605.